2018 – 2019
Florida Department of Education
Curriculum Framework 

Program Title:	Database Technology
Career Cluster:	Information Technology

AS	
CIP Number	1511010308	
Program Type	College Credit	
Standard Length	60 credit hours	
CTSO	Phi Beta Lambda, BPA 	
SOC Codes (all applicable) 	15-1141 – Database Administrators	
CTE Program Resources 	http://www.fldoe.org/academics/career-adult-edu/career-tech-edu/program-resources.stml	

Purpose

This program offers a sequence of courses that provides coherent and rigorous content aligned with challenging academic standards and relevant technical knowledge and skills needed to prepare for further education and careers such as Database Administrators and Developers in the Information Technology career cluster; provides technical skill proficiency, and includes competency-based applied learning that contributes to the academic knowledge, higher-order reasoning and problem-solving skills, work attitudes, general employability skills, technical skills, and occupation-specific skills, and knowledge of all aspects of the Information Technology career cluster. 

This program focuses on specific, transferable skills and stresses understanding and demonstration of the following elements of the database management and development industry: database creation, database management, database tuning, database software development, and database recovery.

Additional Information relevant to this Career and Technical Education (CTE) program is provided at the end of this document.

Program Structure

This program is a planned sequence of instruction consisting of 60 credit hours.

Standards

After successfully completing this program, the student will be able to perform the following:

01.0	Demonstrate an understanding of fundamental database concepts.
02.0	Demonstrate conceptual design principles.
03.0	Demonstrate the ability to create a database design.
04.0	Demonstrate an understanding of basic Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language SQL (Structured Query Language) syntax to create relational tables.
05.0	Demonstrate the ability to create, maintain, and delete sequences, indexes and synonyms and other schema objects.
06.0	Demonstrate the ability to query the database and optimize information retrieval.

In addition, students will complete the standards in one of the following specializations:

Microsoft Certified Database Administrator Specialization Standards

07.0	Demonstrate how to design and implement a data warehouse.
08.0	Demonstrate how to extract and transform data.
09.0	Demonstrate how to load data.
10.0	Demonstrate how to configure and deploy SSIS solutions.

Oracle Certified Database Administrator Specialization Standards

11.0	Demonstrate an understanding of the Oracle architectural components.
12.0	Demonstrate how to create an Oracle database instance.
13.0	Demonstrate how to manage an instance of the database.
14.0	Demonstrate how to maintain Redo log files, and how to use the data dictionary views.
15.0	Demonstrate how to manage tablespaces and datafiles.
16.0	Demonstrate an understanding of the Oracle storage structures.
17.0	Demonstrate the ability to query a database.
18.0	Demonstrate how to manage constraints and indexes.
19.0	Demonstrate a basic understanding of the Oracle Recovery Manager tool for performing backup and recovery operations.
20.0	Demonstrate the ability to perform backups.
21.0	Demonstrate the ability to perform recovery procedures.
22.0	Demonstrate how to configure and use a Flashback Database.
23.0	Demonstrate the different methods that are used to recover from user errors.
24.0	Demonstrate an understanding of how to detect and resolve block corruptions.
25.0	Demonstrate an understanding of the goals and processes of performance tuning.
26.0	Demonstrate capability to use the Oracle Database Resource Manager (DRM) to manage database and operating system performance.
27.0	Demonstrate how to automate management tasks, create scheduled jobs, programs, and schedules.
28.0	Demonstrate the ability to efficiently manage space-related inefficiencies of the database.
29.0	Demonstrate the ability to understand the issues with memory management and shall demonstrate how to configure memory manually.
30.0	Demonstrate the ability to set up an Oracle database to be deployed globally.
31.0	Demonstrate the ability to use Oracle diagnostic tools and the Oracle listener.

Oracle Certified Database Developer Specialization Standards

32.0	Demonstrate the use of general PL/SQL programming language fundamental constructs. 
33.0	Demonstrate the use of DML simple selection statements in a PL/SQL block.
34.0	Demonstrate the use of conditional control IF and CASE statements.
35.0	Demonstrate the use of employing iterative control loops for iterating through a set of instructions.
36.0	Demonstrate the use of incorporating exception handling methods.
37.0	Demonstrate how to manipulate cursors and use parameters with cursors and complex nested cursors.
38.0	Demonstrate how to design and implement functions and procedures.
39.0	Demonstrate how to design and implement packages and triggers.
40.0	Demonstrate the use of collections to store and manipulate data.
41.0	Demonstrate how to manipulate large objects, such as LOB and BFILEs.
42.0	Demonstrate how to tune PL/SQL code and improve performance with caching.
43.0	

2018 – 2019
Florida Department of Education
Student Performance Standards

Program Title:	Database Technology
CIP Number:		1511010308
Program Length:	60 credit hours
SOC Code(s):		15-1141

Refer to Rule 6A-14.030 (4) F.A.C., for the minimum amount of general education coursework required in the Associate of Science (AS) degree.  At the completion of this program, the student will be able to:	
01.0	Demonstrate an understanding of fundamental database concepts. The student will be able to:	
01.01	Define data.	
01.02	Define information.	
01.03	Describe the process by which information is derived from data.	
01.04	Describe how a database is implemented.	
01.05	Distinguish between variant database models, how they differ, and the advantages to each model.	
01.06	Describe the advantages (i.e., improved data consistency, quality, integrity) and disadvantages of using databases (i.e., cost and complexity).	
01.07	Conducting online research to locate and identify the different database engines, models, and providers.	
01.08	Define and providing examples of a database transaction.	
02.0	Demonstrate conceptual design principles. The student will be able to:	
02.01	Perform a use case analysis and determining the functional requirements from use case.	
02.02	Identify non-functional requirements that will affect a solution’s design.	
02.03	Analyze data requirements to determine data entities and attributes.	
02.04	Analyze entities and attributes to determine their relationships.	
02.05	Develop a conceptual model that captures the data flow and integrity constraints by using various components including:	
02.05.1	base entity type.	
02.05.2	bridging entity types.	
02.05.3	composite attribute.	
02.05.4	multivalued attribute.	
02.05.5	derived attribute.	
02.05.6	associative entity type.	
02.05.7	relationships between entity types.	
02.05.8	minimum and maximum cardinality constraints.	
02.05.9	deletion rules.	
03.0	Demonstrate the ability to create a database design. The student will be able to:	
03.01	Describe all data types (e.g., CHAR, NUMBER).	
03.02	Discuss the basic tenets of proper database design by describing the impact of:	
03.02.1	Data duplication.	
03.02.2	Data redundancy.	
03.02.3	Data integrity.	
03.02.4	Implicit information storage.	
03.02.5	Referential integrity.	
03.03	Derive candidate keys by decomposition and synthesis.	
03.04	Describe and executing the general methods of design using 3NF (third-normal form) to eliminate redundancy, partial and transitive dependencies.	
03.05	Identify the primary key foreign key relationships between the entity types.	
04.0	Demonstrate an understanding of basic Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language SQL (Structured Query Language) syntax to create relational tables. The student will be able to:	
04.01	Describe the basic characteristics of the Standard Query Language.	
04.02	Write SQL statements to create simple tables.	
04.03	Create data integrity controls.	
04.04	Change/update table definitions.	
04.05	Insert, update, and delete data/records.	
04.06	Describe referential integrity and how it is enforced.	
04.07	Describe the advantages of using an index, and implementing different types of indexes on tables.	
04.08	Describe how a database implements and uses indexing (i.e., B-Tree, Bitmap).	
04.09	Verify the existence of an index using the data dictionary.	
04.10	Describe foreign keys and their use when relating tables.	
04.11	Define the purpose of a sequence and how it can be used in a database.	
04.12	Create and removing a sequence.	
05.0	Demonstrate the ability to create, maintain, and delete sequences, indexes and synonyms and other schema objects. The student will be able to:	
05.01	Define the purpose of a sequence and how it can be used in a database.	
05.02	Create and removing a sequence.	
05.03	Create indexes and removing indexes.	
05.04	Verify the existence of an index using the data dictionary.	
06.0	Demonstrate the ability to query the database and optimize information retrieval. The student will be able to:	
06.01	Identify the data elements by which to relate tables.	
06.02	Retrieve row and column data from tables executing simple SELECT statements.	
06.03	Identify keywords, mandatory clauses, and optional clauses in a SELECT statement.	
06.04	Use character, number, and date functions in SELECT statements.	
06.05	Create a search condition using mathematical comparison operators.	
06.06	Use the WHERE clause to restrict the rows returned by a query.	
06.07	Sort rows that are retrieved by a query, and use ampersand substitution to restrict and sort output at runtime.	
06.08	Write SELECT statements to access data from more than one table using equijoins and non-equijoins.	
06.09	Join a table to itself using a self-join.	
06.10	View data that does not meet a join condition by using outer joins.	
06.11	Generate a Cartesian product of all rows from two or more tables.	
06.12	Identify the available group functions (GROUP BY, HAVING, INTERSECT).	
06.13	Describe the use of the group functions.	
06.14	Group data by using the GROUP BY clause.	
06.15	Include or exclude grouped rows by using the HAVING clause.	
06.16	Write complex SELECT statements including the use of various JOIN, SUBQUERIES, and conditional expressions.	
06.17	Discuss when it is appropriate to use a subquery, and describing the types of problems that subqueries can solve.	
06.18	Identify which clauses can contain subqueries.	
06.19	Write single-row and multiple-row subqueries.	
06.20	Nest a subquery inside another subquery.	

Microsoft Certified Database Administrator Specialization Standards	
07.0	Demonstrate how to design and implement a data warehouse. The student will be able to:	
07.01	Design and implement dimensions.	
07.02	Design and implement fact tables.	
08.0	 Demonstrate how to extract and transform data. The student will be able to:	
08.01	Define connection managers.	
08.02	Design data flow.	
08.03	Implement data flow. 	
08.04	Manage SSIS package execution.	
08.05	Implement script tasks in SSIS.	
09.0	 Demonstrate how to load data. The student will be able to:	
09.01	Design control flow.	
09.02	Implement package logic by using SSIS variables and parameters.	
09.03	Implement control flow.	
09.04	Implement data load options.	
09.05	Implement script components in SSIS.	
10.0	 Demonstrate how to configure and deploy SSIS solutions. The student will be able to:	
10.01	Troubleshoot data integration issues.	
10.02	Install and maintain SSIS components. 	
10.03	Implement auditing, logging, and event handling.	
10.04	Deploy SSIS solutions.	

Oracle Certified Database Administrator Specialization Standards	
11.0	Demonstrate an understanding of the Oracle architectural components. The student will be able to:	
11.01	Define an Oracle Database, the Oracle server, and the Oracle Instance, and Oracle database memory architecture. 	
11.02	Explain the differences between Oracle 10g client and server installation. 	
11.03	Use the Oracle Universal Installer to install Oracle on a host machine. 	
11.04	Establish a connection and creating a session to the database instance. 	
11.05	Explain the physical structure, memory structure, and process structure of the Oracle database.	
12.0	Demonstrate how to create an Oracle database instance. The student will be able to:	
12.01	Explain the steps needed to create a database. 	
12.02	Identify the database administrative tools. 	
12.03	Configure the initial settings for creating the database. 	
12.04	Create, start, and stop a database instance. 	
12.05	Explain the basic steps in managing the configuration parameter files, and using Net Manager to configure Oracle Net Services.	
13.0	Demonstrate how to manage an instance of the database. The student will be able to:	
13.01	Create, manage, and use the initialization files: PFILE and SPFILE. 	
13.02	Identify the various states of starting an instance. 	
13.03	Identify the various options available to shutdown an instance. 	
13.04	Monitor the Alert and Trace files.	
14.0	Demonstrate how to maintain Redo log files, and how to use the data dictionary views. The student will be able to:	
14.01	Explain how the control file, data files, redo log files, and archive files are linked and work together. 	
14.02	Explain the uses of the control file. 	
14.03	List the contents of the control file. 	
14.04	Maintain and manage the online redo log files. 	
14.05	Obtain and archive online redo log file information.	
14.06	Use the Oracle Managed Files (OMF) to create, manage, and obtain information from the control files. 	
14.07	Identify the use and contents of the data dictionary. 	
14.08	Use the data dictionary to retrieve information about the database.	
15.0	Demonstrate how to manage tablespaces and datafiles. The student will be able to:	
15.01	Describe the storage hierarchy. 	
15.02	Differentiate between the logical and physical structures. 	
15.03	Create many types of tablespaces. 	
15.04	Configure and viewing storage for tablespaces and datafiles. 	
15.05	Use and managing undo data. 	
15.06	Describe and configuring diagnostic (trace) files.	
16.0	Demonstrate an understanding of the Oracle storage structures. The student will be able to:	
16.01	Describe and differentiating between the logical and physical structure of the database (segments, extents, blocks). 	
16.02	List the segment types and their uses. 	
16.03	Maintain storage structures with automatic segment – space management. 	
16.04	Maintain storage structures manually. 	
16.05	Obtain storage structure information.	
17.0	Demonstrate the ability to query a database. The student will be able to:	
17.01	Write basic SQL single row, datatype conversion, group, and user-defined functions. 	
17.02	Write filtered, sorted, and aggregated queries. 	
17.03	Write SQL statements using advanced queries involving joins, subqueries, and other specialized queries.	
18.0	Demonstrate how to manage constraints and indexes. The student will be able to:	
18.01	List the different types of indexes, their uses, and constraints. 	
18.02	Develop an example of each type of index. 	
18.03	Create index-organized tables. 	
18.04	Create, modify, and drop constraints.	
18.05	Maintain indexes. 	
18.06	Identify unused indexes.	
19.0	Demonstrate a basic understanding of the Oracle Recovery Manager tool for performing backup and recovery operations. The student will be able to:	
19.01	Explain the different backup options available to the database administrator. 	
19.02	Describe the Recovery Manager architecture. 	
19.03	Start RMAN to connect to the database. 	
19.04	Describe the different settings used to configure the persistent RMAN parameters.	
20.0	Demonstrate the ability to perform backups. The student will be able to:	
20.01	Explain the purpose of the Flash Recovery area. 	
20.02	Describe the various types of backups. 	
20.03	Perform block-level backups. 	
20.04	Implement the commands for performing backups at various levels. 	
20.05	Demonstrate the use of the RUN command. 	
20.06	Set Duration and Throttling. 	
20.07	Explain the Block Tracking feature. 	
20.08	Use RMAN commands to display information about backups.	
21.0	Demonstrate the ability to perform recovery procedures. The student will be able to:	
21.01	Identify the different types of failures that occur in the database. 	
21.02	Perform a complete recovery on a database. 	
21.03	Perform an incomplete recovery on a database. 	
21.04	Demonstrate how to perform a recovery of non-critical files.	
22.0	Demonstrate how to configure and use a Flashback Database. The student will be able to:	
22.01	Explain the Flashback Database feature. 	
22.02	Describe the components of Flashback Database. 	
22.03	Explain the guidelines and restrictions of Flashback Database. 	
22.04	Configure, maintain, and monitor Flashback Database. 	
22.05	Perform Flashback Database using SQL, RMAN, and Enterprise Manager. 	
22.06	Resolve errors that may occur during the Flashback Database creation operation.	
23.0	Demonstrate the different methods that are used to recover from user errors. The student will be able to:	
23.01	Describe the Flashback Technology features available in Oracle. 	
23.02	Explain the configuration and implementation of the Flashback Drop operation. 	
23.03	Manage the recycle bin. 	
23.04	Explain the configuration and implementation of the Flashback Query operation. 	
23.05	Recover from user errors using the Flashback Versions Query operation. 	
23.06	Perform transaction level recovery using Flashback Transaction Query operation. 	
23.07	Explain the configuration and implementation of the Flashback Table.	
24.0	Demonstrate an understanding of how to detect and resolve block corruptions. The student will be able to:	
24.01	Describe what block corruption is. 	
24.02	Identify instances of block corruptions. 	
24.03	Resolve block corruptions. 	
24.04	Use the ANALYZE command to check the integrity of a schema object (i.e., tables and indexes). 	
24.05	Describe the use of the DBVERIFY utility. 	
24.06	Utilize the DB_BLOCK_CHECKING parameter. 	
24.07	Execute the DBMS_REPAIR package. 	
24.08	Perform Block Media recovery using RMAN.	
25.0	Demonstrate an understanding of the goals and processes of performance tuning. The student will be able to:	
25.01	Describe the job roles in performance tuning. 	
25.02	List the steps in the tuning phases. 	
25.03	Explain tuning goals and service level agreements. 	
25.04	Describe common performance problems. 	
25.05	Explain the tuning methodology.	
26.0	Demonstrate how to use the Oracle Database Resource Manager (DRM) to manage database and operating system performance. The student will be able to:	
26.01	Explain the purpose of the Data Resource Manager. 	
26.02	Describe each of the components of the DRM. 	
26.03	Create consumer groups. 	
26.04	Create resource plans. 	
26.05	Create resource plan directives. 	
26.06	Use the DRM to automatically map user sessions with consumer groups. 	
26.07	Obtain information about database performance using the DRM.	
27.0	Demonstrate how to automate management tasks, create scheduled jobs, programs, and schedules. The student will be able to:	
27.01	Use the Oracle Scheduler to create jobs, programs, and schedule tasks. 	
27.02	Reuse the Scheduler to view information about job executions and job instances. 	
27.03	Use the Scheduler to perform automatic gathering of optimizer statistics. 	
27.04	Use the Scheduler to automatically gather object statistics to make efficient decisions about execution plans.	
28.0	Demonstrate the ability to efficiently manage space-related inefficiencies of the database. The student will be able to:	
28.01	Tune redo writing and archiving operations. 	
28.02	Set and modifying thresholds for space usage. 	
28.03	Manage tablespace usage to reduce space-related error conditions. 	
28.04	Use different storage options to improve the performance of queries. 	
28.05	Manage Resumable Space Allocation using the DBMS_RESUMABLE package.	
29.0	Demonstrate the ability to understand the issues with memory management and shall demonstrate how to configure memory manually. The student will be able to:	
29.01	Explain the memory structures in the Oracle instance and their function. 	
29.02	Manually configure memory structures of the System Global Area (SGA). 	
29.03	Implement Automatic Shared Memory Management. 	
29.04	Configure the SGA parameters for various memory components in the SGA manually. 	
29.05	Configure memory structures of the Program Global Area manually.	
30.0	Demonstrate the ability to set up an Oracle database to be deployed globally. The student will be able to:	
30.01	Customize language-dependent behavior for the database and individual sessions. 	
30.02	Specify different linguistic sorts for queries. 	
30.03	Use date-time data types for different time zones. 	
30.04	Query data using case-sensitive and accent-insensitive searches. 	
30.05	Obtain globalization support configuration information.	
31.0	Demonstrate the ability to use Oracle diagnostic tools and the Oracle listener. The student will be able to:	
31.01	Describe the purpose and use of the diagnostic tools that are available within the database. 	
31.02	Describe the vulnerabilities of the listener and the different methods that can be used to secure it.	
31.03	

Oracle Certified Database Developer Specialization Standards	
32.0	Demonstrate the use of general PL/SQL programming language fundamental constructs. The student will be able to:	
32.01	Employ PL/SQL language components including variables and identifiers.	
32.02	Make use of anchored data types.	
32.03	Explain the use of a block, nested block, and labels.	
33.0	Demonstrate the use of DML simple selection statements in a PL/SQL block.  The student will be able to:	
33.01	Use the SELECT INTO syntax for variable initialization.	
33.02	Use Data Manipulation Language statement sin a PL/SQL block.	
33.03	Make use of a sequence in a PL/SQL block.	
33.04	Make use of the COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT commands in a PL/SQL block.	
34.0	Demonstrate the use of conditional control IF and CASE statement. The student will be able to:	
34.01	Use the IF-THEN, and IF-THEN-ELSE control statements.	
34.02	Use nested IF statements.	
34.03	Use the CASE statement in a procedural block of code.	
34.04	Use a CASE expression.	
35.0	Demonstrate the use of employing iterative control loops for iterating through a set of instructions. The student will be able to:	
35.01	Use simple loops with EXIT conditions.	
35.02	Use simple loops with EXIT WHEN conditions.	
35.03	Use WHILE loops.	
35.04	Use numeric FOR loops with the IN and REVERSE option.	
36.0	Demonstrate the use of incorporating exception handling methods. The student will be able to:	
36.01	Explain the use of error handling methods.	
36.02	Use built-in exception handling mechanisms.	
36.03	Create user-defined exceptions.	
37.0	Demonstrate how to manipulate cursors and use parameters with cursors and complex nested cursors. The student will be able to:	
37.01	Utilize cursor attributes to control the memory where statements are executed.	
37.02	Process an explicit cursor.	
37.03	Use cursors to fetch rows.	
37.04	Use cursors for loops.	
37.05	Use parameters in a cursor.	
37.06	Use complex nested cursors.	
37.07	Use FOR UPDATE and WHERE CURRENT clause in a cursor.	
38.0	Demonstrate how to design and implement functions and procedures. The student will be able to:	
38.01	Create procedures.	
38.02	Query the data dictionary for information on procedures.	
38.03	Use IN and OUT parameters with procedures.	
38.04	Create stored functions.	
38.05	Invoke functions with SQL statements.	
39.0	Demonstrate how to design and implement packages and triggers. The student will be able to:	
39.01	Create package specifications.	
39.02	Create package bodies, package variables and cursors.	
39.03	Call stored packages.	
39.04	Write triggers in response to DML, DDL, system and user generated events.	
40.0	Demonstrate the use of collections to store and manipulate data. The student will be able to:	
40.01	Use associative arrays.	
40.02	Use nested tables.	
40.03	Create table-based and cursor-based records.	
40.04	Create and use user-defined records.	
41.0	Demonstrate how to manipulate large objects, such as LOB and BFILEs. The student will be able to:	
41.01	Describe a LOB object.	
41.02	Use BFILEs.	
41.03	Use DBMS_LOB.READ and DBMS_LOB.WRITE to manipulate LOBs.	
41.04	Create a temporary LOB programmatically with the DBMS_LOB package.	
41.05	Use SecureFile LOBs to store documents.	
41.06	Convert BasicFile LOBs to SecureFile LOB format.	
41.07	Enable reduplication and compression.	
42.0	Demonstrate how to tune PL/SQL code and improve performance with caching. The student will be able to:	
42.01	Describe result caching.	
42.02	Use SQL query result cache.	
42.03	Use PL/SQL function cache.	
42.04	

Additional Information

Laboratory Activities

Laboratory activities are an integral part of this program.  These activities include instruction in the use of safety procedures, tools, equipment, materials, and processes related to these occupations.  Equipment and supplies should be provided to enhance hands-on experiences for students. 

Career and Technical Student Organization (CTSO)

Phi Beta Lambda and Business Professionals of America (BPA) are the intercurricular career and technical student organizations providing leadership training and reinforcing specific career and technical skills.  Career and Technical Student Organizations provide activities for students as an integral part of the instruction offered.  

Accommodations

Federal and state legislation requires the provision of accommodations for students with disabilities as identified on the secondary student’s Individual Educational Plan (IEP) or 504 plan or postsecondary student’s accommodations’ plan to meet individual needs and ensure equal access.  Postsecondary students with disabilities must self-identify, present documentation, request accommodations if needed, and develop a plan with their counselor and/or instructors.  Accommodations received in postsecondary education may differ from those received in secondary education.  Accommodations change the way the student is instructed.  Students with disabilities may need accommodations in such areas as instructional methods and materials, assignments and assessments, time demands and schedules, learning environment, assistive technology and special communication systems.  Documentation of the accommodations requested and provided should be maintained in a confidential file.

Articulation

To be transferable statewide between institutions, this program must have been reviewed, and a “transfer value” assigned the curriculum content by the appropriate Statewide Course Numbering System discipline committee.  This does not preclude institutions from developing specific articulation agreements with each other. 

The following industry certifications have been approved by the Florida State Board of Education for statewide articulation credit into this degree program.

Oracle Certified Associate (ORACL001) – 6 credits

For details on articulation agreements which correlate to programs and industry certifications refer to http://www.fldoe.org/workforce/dwdframe/artic_frame.asp .

Program Length

The AS degree requires the inclusion of a minimum of 15 credits of general education coursework according to SACS, and it must be transferable according to Rule 6A-14.030 (2), F.A.C.  The standard length of this program is 60 credit hours according to Rule 6A-14.030, F.A.C.

Certificate Programs

A College Credit Certificate consists of a program of instruction of less than sixty (60) credits of college-level courses, which is part of an AS or AAS degree program and prepares students for entry into employment (Rule 6A-14.030, F.A.C.).  This AS degree program includes the following College Credit Certificates:

Microsoft Certified Database Administrator (0511020309) – 15 credit hours
Oracle Certified Database Administrator (0511020307) – 15 credit hours
Oracle Certified Database Developer (0511020308) – 15 credit hours

Standards for the above certificate programs are contained in separate curriculum frameworks.